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//-->DNA vs RNADNADifference:1.Found in nucleus 2. sugar isdeoxyribose 3. Bases are A,T,C,GDNA is a long polymer with adeoxyribose and phosphate backboneand four different bases: adenine,guanine, cytosine and thymineRNAHideAllBases &Sugars:Definition:A nucleic acid that contains thegenetic instructions used in thedevelopment and functioning of allknown living organismsJob/Role:Medium of long-term storage andtransmission of genetic informationStands for:DeoxyriboNucleicAcidPredominantTypically a double- stranded moleculewith a long chain of nucleotidesStructure:Pairing ofBases:A-T(Adenine-Thymine), G-C(Guanine-Cytosine)Deoxyribose sugar in DNA is lessreactive because of C-H bonds. Stablein alkaline conditions. DNA hassmaller grooves where the damagingenzyme can attach which makes itharder for the enzyme to attack DNA.The helix geometry of DNA is of B-Form. DNA is completely protectedby the body i.e. the body destroysenzymes that cleave DNA. DNA canbe damaged by exposure to Ultra-violet raysStability:1.Found in nucleus and cytoplasm2.sugar is ribose. 3. Bases arehideA,U,C,GRNA is a polymer with a ribose andphosphate backbone and fourhidedifferent bases: adenine, guanine,cytosine, and uracilRNA, single-stranded chain ofalternating phosphate and riboseunits with the bases adenine,guanine, cytosine, and uracilhidebonded to the ribose. RNAmolecules are involved in proteinsynthesis and sometimes in thetransmission of genetic information.The main job of RNA is to transferthe genetic code need for thecreation of proteins from thenucleus to the ribosome. thishideprocess prevents the DNA fromhaving to leave the nucleus, so itstays safe. Without RNA, proteinscould never be made.RiboNucleicAcidhideA single-stranded molecule in mostof its biological roles and has ahideshorter chain of nucleotidesA-U(Adenine-Uracil), G-hideC(Guanine-Cytosine)Ribose sugar is more reactivebecause of C-OH (hydroxyl) bonds.Not stable in alkaline conditions.hideRNA on the other hand has largergrooves which makes it easier to beattacked by enzymes.The helix geometry of RNA is ofA-Form. RNA strands arecontinually made, broken down andhidereused. RNA is more resistant todamage by Ultra-violet rays.UniqueFeatures:Themain difference between DNA and RNAis the sugar present in the molecules. While thesugar present in a RNA molecule isribose,the sugar present in a molecule of DNA isdeoxyribose.Deoxyribose is the same as ribose, except that the former has one more OH.DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly-associated pair ofmolecules. These two long strands entwine like vines, in the shape of a double helix. Thisarrangement of DNA strands is called antiparallel. The asymmetric ends of DNA strands arereferred to as the 5′ (five prime) and 3′ (three prime) ends. One of the major differences betweenDNA and RNA is the sugar, with 2-deoxyribose being replaced by the alternative pentose sugarribose in RNA. The fourbases found in DNAareadenine(abbreviated A),cytosine(C),guanine(G) andthymine(T). A fifth pyrimidine base, calleduracil(U), usually takes the placeof thymine inRNAand differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.DNA helix structureStructure of RNA (hairpin loop from pre-mRNA)Content is available underAttribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States. [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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